Skeuomorphism is a design approach where digital interface elements mimic the appearance and behavior of their real-world counterparts. The term comes from "skeuos" (container) and "morphe" (shape), meaning objects that retain design elements from their original form.

Characteristics of skeuomorphic design:

- Realistic textures: Wood, leather, paper textures

- 3D effects: Shadows, highlights, depth

- Familiar metaphors: Digital versions of physical objects

- Detailed rendering: High level of detail

- Tactile appearance: Looks touchable

Skeuomorphic examples:

- Notebook apps: Look like real notebooks

- Calendar apps: Resemble physical calendars

- Button designs: Appear to be physical buttons

- Book readers: Mimic real books

- Camera apps: Look like real cameras

Skeuomorphism benefits:

- Familiarity: Users understand immediately

- Intuitive: Natural interaction patterns

- Visual interest: Rich, detailed designs

- Brand differentiation: Unique appearance

- User comfort: Familiar metaphors

Skeuomorphism decline:

- Flat design: Shifted to minimalist styles

- Performance: Detailed designs slow loading

- Modern aesthetic: Users prefer clean designs

- Mobile-first: Simpler designs work better

- Material Design: New design language emerged

Modern use:

- Selective application: Used where helpful

- Hybrid approaches: Combined with flat design

- Nostalgic branding: Retro or vintage brands

- Gaming: Still popular in game UIs

- Specialized apps: Where realism helps

Skeuomorphism played an important role in early digital design, helping users transition from physical to digital interfaces.