Rendering is the process of generating a 2D image or animation from a 3D model using computer graphics techniques. It involves calculating how light interacts with 3D objects, materials, and environments to create a final visual output.

Types of rendering:

- Real-time rendering: Generated instantly for interactive applications (games, VR)

- Pre-rendering: Calculated in advance for higher quality (movies, still images)

- Ray tracing: Simulates realistic light behavior

- Rasterization: Converts 3D models to pixels quickly

Rendering process includes:

- Geometry processing: Positioning 3D objects

- Lighting calculation: Determining how light affects surfaces

- Shading: Applying materials and textures

- Texturing: Adding surface details

- Post-processing: Final effects and adjustments

Rendering is used in:

- 3D icon creation

- Video game graphics

- Movie visual effects

- Architectural visualization

- Product visualization

The quality and speed of rendering depend on the complexity of the scene, lighting setup, and rendering techniques used.